Name of Plastic Materials in Bilingual Form

Plastic Category

Common Name

Scientific Name in Chinese

Scientific Name in English

Short Form in English

Main Usage

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 Polystyrene GPPS 通用聚苯乙烯 General Purpose Polystyrene PS Lampshades, Apparatus covers, Toys
HIPS 高冲击聚苯乙烯 High Impact Polystyrene HIPS Daily commodities, Parts of electrical appliances, Toys
Modified-Polystyrene ABS 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ABS Housing of electrical appliances, Daily commodities, High-class toys, Sports products
AS(SAN) 丙烯腈-苯乙烯 Acrylonitrile Styrene AS(SAN) Transparent containers for daily use, Transparent household electrical appliances
BS(BDS)
K-Resin 		丁二烯-苯乙烯 Butadiene Styrene BS(BDS) Special packaging, Food containers, Penholders
ASA 丙烯酸-苯乙烯-丙烯腈 Acrylonitrile Styrene acrylate copolymer ASA Suitable in general agricultural industry and for making outdoor furniture, Shades of lateral view mirrors of cars
Polypropylene PP 聚丙烯 Polypropylene PP Packaging bags, Drawbenches, Packaging materials, Daily commodities, Toys
PPC 氯化聚丙烯 Chlorinated Polypropylene PPC Daily commodities, Electrical appliances
Polyethylene LDPE 低密度聚乙烯 Low Density Polyethylene LDPE Packaging plastic bags, Plastic flowers, Plastic bottles, Electric wires, Packaging materials
HDPE 高密度聚乙烯 High Density Polyethylene HDPE Packaging materials, Construction materials, Buckets, Toys
Modified polyethylene EVA 乙烯-醋酸乙烯脂 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate EVA Soles of shoes, Films, Sheets, Pass pipes, Daily commodities
CPE 氯化聚乙烯 Chlorinated Polyethylene CPE Construction materials, Pipes, Cable insulations, Re-packaging materials
Polyamide Nylon6 聚酰胺-6 Polyamide-6 PA-6 Bearings, Gears, Oil pipes, Containers, Daily commodities
Nylon66 聚酰胺-66 Polyamide-66 PA-66 Mechanics, Cars, Industrial chemistry, Electrical installations
Nylon9 聚酰胺-9 Polyamide-9 PA-9 Mechanical components, Pumps, Cable covers
Nylon1010 聚酰胺-1010 Polyamide-1010 PA-1010 Ropes, Pipes, Gears, Mechanical components
Acrylic Acrylic 聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂 Polymethyl Methacrylate PMMA Transparent decorations, Lampshades, Windscreens, Apparatus cases
Acrylic Polymer Modified Plexiglass 372#,373# 甲基丙烯酸甲脂-苯乙烯 Polymethyl Methacrylate-Styrene MMS Transparent commodities with high impact resistance
甲基丙烯酸甲脂-乙二烯 Methyl Methacrylate-Butadiene MMB Cases of machine stands, Frames and daily commodities
Polycarbonate PC 聚碳酸脂 Polycarbonate PC Transparent commodities with high impact resistance, Components with high intensity and impact resistance
Polyoxymethylene POM 聚甲醛 Polyoxymethylene(Polyformaldehyde) POM Bearings and gears that have high wearing resistance and can be used in mechanics
Celluloses CN 硝酸纤维素 Cellulose Nitrate CN Spectacle frames, toys
CA 醋酸纤维素 Cellulose Acetate CA Household appliances, Handles of tools, Containers
乙基纤维素 Ethyl Cellulose EC Handles of tools, Sports commodities
Saturated polyester PET 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇脂 Poly(Ethylene Terephthalare) PET Bearings, Chains, Gears, Audio tapes
PBT 聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇脂 Poly(Butylene Terephthalare) PBT Connector, 3C computer cooling fan
PolyVinyl Chloride PVC 聚氯乙烯 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) PVC Manufacturing bars, Pipes, boards, Pipelines, Insulated layers of wires, Seals
Fluoroplastics PVF PTFE 聚四氟乙烯 Polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE High frequency electronic apparatus, Radar insulated components
F46 聚全氟代乙丙烯 Perfluorinated Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer FFP，F46 High frequency electronic apparatus, Radar insulated components
F3 聚三氟氯乙烯 Polychlorctrifluoreethylene PCTFE Transparent review glasses, Valve tubes
Teflon 可溶性聚四氟乙烯 Teflon,PFA Chemical accessories, Mechanical components, Protective films of wires, Can undergo plastic making
ETFE 四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚 ETFE Chemical accessories, Mechanical components, Protective films of wires
四氟乙烯-六氯丙烯共聚 Fluorinated Ethylene-propylene FEP Wire coatings, Thin films (Insulated films, Protective films of boards, Mold-discharging films), Linings
三氟氯乙烯-乙烯共聚 ECTFE Mainly used in cables
聚偏氟乙烯 PVdF Chemical accessories, Mechanical components, Protective films of wires, Thin films of cables and capacitors, Architectural coatings with long lifespan and high weather resistance; Can undergo plastic making
聚氟乙烯 PVF Mainly used to produce thin films and coatings; Applied into architecture, Traffic, package
Polysulfone 聚砜 polysulfone PSU(PSF) Components of electronics, Construction parts, Elements of airplanes and cars
聚醚砜 polyethersulfone PES Components of electronics, Construction parts, Elements of airplanes and cars
聚芳砜 polyarylsulfone PAS Can be used as Grade C insulation material to produce components of electronics, Substitute metals, Ceramics to produce mechanical components
Chlorinated Polyethers 氯化聚醚 Chlorinated Polyethers PENTON(CPT) Substitute stainless steel and chlorine plastics
Polyphenylene Ethers 聚苯醚 poly(phenylene oxide) PPO，MPPO Gears, Bearings, Chemical facilities and Components that work under high temperature
Polyarylates 聚芳脂 PAR Cars, Electronics, Medical equipment
Polyphenylene Sulfides 聚苯硫醚 poly(phenylene sulfone) PPS Commodities with great heat resistance, Components of electronics and cars, Chemical facilities
Polyether Ketones 聚醚醚砜 PEEK Chemical resistant products, Wire coatings, High temperature terminals, Cams
Polyimides 结晶型聚酰亚胺 Polyimides PAI Heat resistant, Self-lubricating, Anti-friction products, Components of astronomical equipment, Electronics, Airplanes and Autos
非结晶型聚醚亚胺 Polyimides PEI Heat resistant, Self-lubricating, Anti-friction products, Components of astronomical equipment, Electronics, Airplanes and Autos
热固性双马来酰亚胺 Polyimides BMI Heat resistant, Self-lubricating, Anti-friction products, Components of astronomical equipment, Electronics, Airplanes and Autos
Liquid Crystal Polymers 自增强聚合物 Self-reinforced polymer LCP Stands inside microwaves, Electronics, Components of cars and mechanics
Poly-methylpentenes-1 TPX 聚甲基戊烯-1 Polymethylpentene TPX Disposable syringes, Feeding bottles, Lampshades of cars

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 Phenol formaldehyde Bakelite 苯酚-甲醛树脂 Phenol-Formaldehyde PF Soundless gears, Bearings, Steel helmets, Electronics, Accessories of communication equipment
Amino plastics Aminoplas 脲-甲醛树脂 Urea-Formaldehyde UF Daily commodities, Shells of electronics, Wood adhesives
Melamine Melamine Melamine-Formaldehyde Resin MF Food, Daily commodities, Components of electric switches
Aniline - formaldehyde resin Aniline-Formaldehyde Resin AF
Epoxy Epoxy 环氧树脂 Epoxide Resin EP Components of truck tractors, Coatings of ships
Polyurethane PU 聚氨脂树脂 Polyurethane Resin PU Soles of shoes, Cushions of chairs and beds, Artificial leather, Paint
Silicone Silicone 硅氧烷 SI Rubber commodities, Mold-discharging agents, Latex elastomers, Varnish paint
Unsaturated polyester 醇酸树脂 Alkyd Resin AK Paint, fiber-reinforced plastics, Decoration accessories, Floors, Buttons
烯丙基树脂 Allyl Resin DAP

Explanation of reasons and modifications of undesirable forming

No.

Undesirable Item

Reason

Improvement strategy
1 Streak formation Temperature of resin is too low Raise temperature of resin
Injection speed is too fast Reduce injection speed
Mold temperature is too low Raise temperature of mold
Undesirable gate position Alter gate position
2 Wrinkle formation or uneven surface cleanliness Temperatures of resin and mold are too low Reduce injection speed, raise mold temperature
Inadequate injection pressure Raise injection pressure
Injection speed is too slow Fasten injection speed
Undesirable gate position Alter gate position, increase number of gates
Gate is too small Enlarge gate
Mold-discharging agent, pollution, water evaporation Change mold-discharging agent, clean mold surface
Setting vapor spout
3 Silver Mark Resin decomposition Lower temperature of resin
Inadequate dryness of resin Dry resin sufficiently
Retention period of resin is too long Reduce circulation time
Injection speed is too quick Reduce injection speed
Entrance of air Raise backpressure
Mold temperature is too low Increase mold temperature
Injection molding machine Add air drains
Undesirable air draining of mold Set up grooves for vapor outflow
Pollution of surface Clean surface of mold
4 Patterns around gate Temperature of resin is too low Increase temperature of resin, increase temperature of building core
Inadequate dryness Dry resin sufficiently
Injection pressure is too low Raise injection pressure
Injection speed is too slow Faster injection speed
Mold Raise temperature of mold
Enlarge gate and runner
Alter gate position
5 Black streak formation Principal axis, barrel, scar Clean principal and barrel, change axis
Retention period is too long Inject resin in barrel out
Temperature of barrel is too high Lower injection speed
Injection speed is too fast Lower injection speed
Shaft revolution is too fast Reduce shaft speed, Reduce backpressure
6 Scorching Entrance of air Install air drains
Set up grooves for vapor outflow
Injection speed is too fast Reduce injection speed
7 Cloud patterns formation, lusterless Resin is overheated Decrease temperature of barrel
Insufficient dryness of molding material Dry them sufficiently, alter drying method
Mold temperature is too low Increase mold temperature
Temperature of barrel is too high/ too low Adjust temperature of barrel
Excessive mold-discharging agents Reduce mold-discharging agents
8 Color aberration, mixing of color Unsatisfactory dispersion of dyes and pigments Change resin, colorant
Temperature of molding barrel is too high/ too low Adjust temperature of barrel
Undesirable plasticization Decrease shaft speed, increase backpressure
Decomposition of resin Lower temperature, shorten circulation time
Cleaning of builder is not thorough enough Remove all remains to empty barrel completely
Cooling period is too short Extend cooling period
Undesirable gate position Correct position of gate
Dispersants and diffusion agents Additives that are not suitable for that resin should not be added
9 Turbid transparent materials Inadequate dryness of materials, invasion of foreign materials Dry materials sufficiently, change materials used
Temperature of resin is too high/ too low Monitor temperature of resin
Retention period is too long Shorten retention period of molding materials
Temperature of barrel is too high Reduce temperature of barrel
Excessive additives, mold-discharging agents Confirm suitability of additives, reduce mold-discharging agents
10 Bubbles Decomposition of molding materials Lower molding temperature
Inadequate dryness of materials Thoroughly dry materials
Retention period of resin is too long Amend charging-in route of principal axis inside barrel
Injection pressure is too low Raise injection pressure
Packing pressure is too low Raise packing pressure
Backpressure is too low Raise backpressure
Injection speed is too low Faster injection speed
Backpressure is too high Regulate temperature of mold
Mold temperature is too high/ too low Regulate temperature of mold
Insufficient cooling of bottom of hopper Improve cooling of bottom
Molding machine Add air drains
11 Impurities, foreign matter Cleaning of molding machine, hopper and dryer is not thorough enough Clean molding machine, hopper and dryer thoroughly
Surrounding dust Separate materials with plastics
Cleaning of material carrier pipe is not Clean material carrier pipe thoroughly
Rusting of molds Clean molds thoroughly
Unsatisfactory materials Change materials used
12 Stripping Invasion of different materials Monitor materials
Resin temperature is too low Raise resin temperature
Mold temperature is too low Raise mold temperature
Inappropriate use of materials, insufficient cooling Change materials, change cooling conditions
13 Crack formation Unsatisfactory drying conditions Set drying conditions according to types of resin
Resin temperature is too low Increase resin temperature
Mold temperature is too low Increase mold temperature
Injection pressure is too high Reduce injection pressure
Packing pressure is too high Reduce packing pressure
Packing period is too long Shorten packing period
Inadequate inclination Increase inclination
Undesirable position of ejector pin Adjust position of ejector pin
Too few ejector pins Add ejector pins
Insufficient mold-discharging agents Add mold-discharging agents
14 Fragile
Inadequate strength 		Inappropriate molding materials Change molding materials
Invasion of different materials and powder Monitor quality and quantity of materials
Inappropriate dryness Set drying conditions based on molding materials
Resin temperature is too high Lower resin temperature
Inappropriate resin temperature Adjust molding temperature
Undesirable plasticization Regulate molding temperature, shaft speed and backpressure
Unsatisfactory injection pressure Adjust injection pressure
Packing pressure is too low Raise packing pressure
Inappropriate injection speed Monitor injection speed
Cooling period is too short Extend cooling period
Mold temperature Adjust mold temperature
Insufficient mold intensity Repair molds
Insufficient gates Alter gate positions, add gates
Post-processing Adopt slow cooling
15 Uneven sizes Gilt mobility of materials Monitor molding temperature
Water adsorption of materials Dry materials sufficiently
Injection pressure is too low Adjust injection pressure
Packing pressure is too low, packing period is too short Regulate packing time and pressure
Cooling period is too short Extend cooling period
Backpressure is too low Choose suitable backpressure
Unsuitable mold temperature Adjust mold temperature
Closing force of molds is too little Raise closing force of molds
Inadequate mold intensity Repair molds, increase intensity
Unsuitable gate position Alter gate position
Insufficient gates Add more gates
16 Deformation Inadequate mobility of molding materials Increase temperature of resin
Contraction rate is too large Use resin with smaller contraction rate
Injection pressure is too high Reduce injection pressure
Cooling period is too short Lengthen cooling period, use cooling mold
Mold temperature Cool every part, change molds used
17 Irregular surface Too much engineering plastics like PA, PET Improve cooling of bottom
Lateral side of hopper is too hot Reduce temperature of barrel under hopper
Backpressure is too high Adjust backpressure, fix deceleration time
Undesirable breeder materials Smash breeder materials
Remove powder with a sieve
Remove parts with film that is thinner than 0.2mm
Reinforced glass fiber granules Use 2.5mm – 3.5mm long glass fibers
18 Trimming, flash formation Mobility of resin is too quick Lower molding temperature, change molding material
Packing is too slow Adopt fast packing
Unsatisfactory closing force of molds Increase closing force of molds
Insufficient intensity of molds Repair molds
Unsmooth surface of molds Repair molds
Excess gilt mobility of resin Lower resin temperature
Change molding materials
Injection pressure is too high Reduce injection pressure
Adopt packing quickly
Unsatisfactory molds Inadequate intensity of molds
Unsatisfactory sealing of divisional planes
19 Beard formation Large contraction rate of resin formation Change molding materials
High temperature of resin Reduce temperature of resin
Injection pressure is too low Raise injection pressure
Packing pressure is too low Raise packing pressure
Injection speed is too slow Quicken injection speed
Mold Lower mold temperature of sides where beards form
Enlarge gates of molds and material runners
Improved gates position of mold, uniform wall thickness
Mold temperature is too high Reduce mold temperature
20 Lack of edges Insufficient mobility of resin Increase resin temperature
Change molding materials
Injection pressure is too low Raise injection pressure
Low packing pressure Add in packing slowly
Increase packing pressure
Injection speed is too slow Increase injection and entering speed
Inadequate volume for measurement Increase set values for measurement
Unsuitable principal axis Use principal axis that can against counter-current
Mold Enlarge gates of molds
Expand material runners

Code list of plastic materials

Resin identification code, called also synthetic resin code, plastic texture code, plastic material code or plastic code, is the classification coding method developed by The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., US.

Most plastics can be recycled but have to be assorted according to their different types of polymers. Due to the difficulties and expensive cost incurred in choosing, collecting, cleaning and reprocessing, only the recycling of polyethylene terephthalate and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) can be supported now. Though polyvinyl chloride is claimed to be recyclable, it is not a unitary material and indeed, its applications contain various toxic additives. (Remark: Present additives possess a non-toxic formula and they have replaced past additives with heavy metals or endocrine disrupting materials.) Thermoplastics can be heated and remolded while thermosetting plastics can merely be rendered to insulators through crushing.


PET

HDPE

PVC

LDPE

PP

PS

OTHER

Sign

Short form

Name of polymer

Usage

Property and safety problem

Original color of plastic
PETE / PET PET（Polyethylene terephthalate） Polyesters, thermoplastic resins, tapes and PET bottles, on-shelf beverage bottles, oil bottles for food; refer to the recycling of PET bottles Resistant to heat (60~85oC), acids and alkalis; overheating or long-time using may release carcinogen di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP); under general situations, plasticizers will not be added to PET materials White or transparent (quick-freezing during processing)
HDPE / PEHD PE（High-density polyethylene） Bottles, shopping bags, recycling bins, pipes for agriculture, cup bases, vehicle obstructions, milk bottles, facilities in playgrounds and plastic-wood compounds Resistant to heat (90~110oC), corrosions, acids and alkalis; not easy to completely remove residues; food containers should not be repeatedly used after cleaning White and translucent
PVC / V PVC（Polyvinyl chloride） Pipes, enclosing walls, bottles for non-food, plastic wraps, packing boxes of eggs, casters Resistant to heat (60~80oC); overheating will easily release toxic additives (used for improving the functions of that plastic, endocrine disrupting chemical-containing); PVC is added with a lot of plasticizers (plasticizers nowadays possess a non-toxic formula so that PVC can be widely applied continuously) Colorless and transparent
LDPE / PEBD PE（Low-density polyethylene） Plastic bags, various containers, prescription bottles, washing bottles, piping and different molded laboratory facilities Resistant to heat (70~90oC), corrosions, acids and alkalis; overheating may produce carcinogens White and translucent/ thin film products are transparent
PP PP（Polypropylene） Car components, industrial fibers, food containers, tableware, cups, pudding containers and soy milk bottles Resistant to heat (100~140oC), acids and alkalis, chemicals, and collisions; safer to operated under food processing temperature White and translucent
PS PS（Polystyrene） Accessories on desks, self-service trays, tableware, toys, video cassette cases, Yakult bottles, ice-cream containers, bowls for instant noodles, bulkheads and expanded polystyrene (EPS) products like styrofoams（Expanded polystyrene，EPS） Resistant to heat (70~90oC); low water absorption; high stability; easily release carcinogens under high temperature, or in acidic and alkaline solutions (like orange juice); unsuitable for alcohols or edible oils Colorless and transparent
OTHER Other plastics including Melamine, ABS resin (ABS), Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), Polycarbonate (PC), Polylactic acid (PLA), nylon and reinforced glass-fiber plastic Tableware Polycarbonates (PC) resist 120~130oC heat, unsuitable for alkalis; Polylactic acids (PLA) resist 50oC heat; Acrylics resist 70~90oC heat, unsuitable for alcohols; Melamine resins resist 110~130oC heat but since it may dissolve to give Bisphenol A, it is not suggested for holding hot food Polycarbonates (PC), Polylactic acids (PLA) and acrylics are colorless and transparent; Melamines are transparent and close to white color